Signments



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- RICHARD KING, OF BELLEVILLE, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AS- SIGNMENTS, TO THE 'KING ANNEALING PROCESS COMPANY, OF

SAME PLACE.

PROCESS OF ANNEALING IRON CASTINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,393, dated December 14:, 1897. Application filed January 4, 1897. serial No. 617,982. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RICHARD KING, a citi- Zen of the United States, residing in Belleville, county of St. Clair, State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Processes of Annealing Castings, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention consists in a process of annealing iron castings to render them malleable, the object of the invention being to thoroughly, effectively, and much more quickly anneal the castings than with the process heretofore employed.

My invention consists in features of novelty hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

The process at present employed of annealing iron castings is to insert the castings in pots and to pack them with a refractory material, such as iron scale, the pots then being inserted in a furnace, oven, or other device,

in which the annealing is accomplished. There are several objectionable features in such process, among which are a great expenditure of time to obtain an annealed condition of the castings and the employment of a vast quantity of pots, owing to such pots deteriorating very rapidly in use and soon becoming worthless. By the employment of my improved process the annealing of the castings is very materially hastened and the use of pots is entirely dispensed with, thus rendering my process a most valuable one.

In carrying out my invention the castings are treated in a mixture consisting of a refractory material that forms a covering, into which refractory material is introduced a quantity of alloy of manganese and iron or other form of manganese in metallic state. Other materials besides those containing manganese may be introduced into the refractory material for the purpose of expediting the annealing of the castings, such material being hereinafter set forth.

I prefer to employ the well-known alloy of iron and manganese known as ferromanganose in this process.

The castings may be treated by coating them with the manganesian substance in such manner that it adheres to them before they are introduced into the refractory material, or the manganesian substance may be introduced into the refractory material and the castings be inserted therein withoutthe manganesian-substance being applied directly to the castings. In either instance I prefer to employ the manganesian substance in a pulverized or powdered condition.

For-the purpose of expediting the annealing of the castings I introduce into the refractory material a readily-combustible substance, such as sawdust or charcoal, that will be fired by the heat of the furnace or other device in which the castings are annealed, also a volatile substance, such as turpentine, and an acidiferous substance, such as vinegar, and a greasy substance, such as tallow or beef suet.

The refractory material I prefer to employ is silicious sand, although I do not limit myself to this material, as others of a refractory nature may give satisfactory results.

Where the castings are treated with alloy of manganese by applying a coating of this substance to them, a coating of adhesive substance, such as tallow or beef suet, is first applied to the castings for the purpose of causing the manganesian substance to readily adhere to them.

The proportions of the ingredients employed which I have found to give satisfactory results are the following: sufficient silicious sand or other refractory material to inclosethe castings, five per cent. of eighty per cent. ferromanganese or its equivalent of other manganesian substance, five per cent. of tallow or beef suet, and ten per cent. of sawdust, to which is added sufficient vinegar and turpentine to render the mixture thoroughly moist throughout. I wish it understood,

however, that, I do not limit myself to the, proportions of the ingredients specified, for While the proportions stated have been found to give satisfactory results it may be found desirable in some instances to vary the proportions named. For instance, larger castings than the ordinary run will necessarily require the employment of a greater percentage of tallow or beef suet and manganesian substance than smaller castings require. lVhen the ingredients have been combined in a mixture in the furnace or other receptacle or device in which the castings are packed with the mixture, heat is applied to the furnace, receptacle, or device to a sufficient extent to bring the temperature therein to a soft white heat, and such heat is maintained for a sufficient period to cause the castings to become thoroughly annealed, when, after cooling, the castings are removed.

My process is adapted more especially for the treatment of cast-iron wherein the carbon is combined, and it is found by experimenting that in the treatment of the iron the carbon is not destroyed nor is the iron robbed of any of its constituent parts, but the structure is changed rather by changing the condition of the carbon in the material.

I am aware that manganese oxids have been employed in connection with wrought or malleable iron for the purpose of aifecting the surface of the iron, but this is quite distinct from my invention, which consists in annealing iron castings of substantially the character named in the presence of metallic manganesian substances, whereby the character of the material is rendered malleable in greatly-reduced time and all oxidizing is prevented. The theory upon which my improved process seems to depend is that the surrounding material acts as an oxygen neutralizing agent.

I claim as my invention 1. The process of annealing iron castings which consists in embedding them in apacking containing metallic manganese or an alloy thereof and a refractory material such as sand, mill-scale or the like, and subjecting the whole to sufiicient heat to anneal the casting.

2. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in packing them with an alloy of iron and manganese and a refractory material, and subjecting the whole to sufficient heat to anneal the castings.

3. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in packing them with metallic manganesian substance, a refractory material and a readily-combustible substance, and subjecting the whole to suiiicient heat to anneal the castings.

4:. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in packing them with metallic manganesian substance, a refractory material, a readily-combustible substance, and a volatile substance, and subjecting the whole to sufficient heat to anneal the castings.

5. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in packing them with metallic manganesian substance, a refractory material, a

readily-combustible substance, a volatile substance,and an acidiferous substance, and subjecting the whole to sufficient heat to anneal the castings. I

6. The process of annealing iron castings, consistin gin packing them with metallic manganesian substance, a refractory material, a readily-combustible substance, a volatile substance, an acidiferous substance and a greasy substance, and subjecting the Whole to suflicient heat to anneal the castings.

7. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in coating the casting with an adhesive substance, then applying thereto a coating of metallic manganesian substance, and then inserting said castings in a mass of refractory material, and subjecting the whole to suflicient heat to anneal the castings.

8. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in coating the castings with an adhesive substance, then applying thereto a coating of metallic manganesian substance, then inserting said castings in a mass of refractory material, containing a readily-combustible substance, and subjecting the whole to sufiicient heat to anneal the castings.

9. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in coating the castings with an adhesive substance, and then applying thereto a coating of metallic manganesian substance, then inserting said castings in a mass of refractory material, containing a 1-eadily-combustible substance, and a volatile substance, and subjecting the whole to sufficient heat to anneal the castings.

10. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in coating the castings with an adhesive substance, then applying thereto a coating of metallic manganesian substance, then inserting said castings in a mass of refractory material containing a readily-combustible substance, a volatile substance, and an acidiferous substance, and subjecting the whole to sufiicient heat to anneal the castings.

11. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in coating the castings with tallow or beef suet, or analogous substance, then applying thereto a coating of metallic manganesian substance, then inserting said castings in a mass of refractory material, containing sawdust, turpentine, and vinegar, and subjecting the whole to sufficient heat to anneal the castings.

12. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in packing them in a mass of refractory material, containing metallic man ganesian substance, sawdust, turpentine, vinegar and tallow or beef suet, or analogous substance, and subjecting the whole to suiiicient heat to anneal the castings.

13. The process of annealing iron castings, consisting in packing them with metallic manganesian substance and a refractory n1aterial, and subjecting the whole to suflicient and a refractory substance, to render it suitheat to anneal the castings. able foruse,substantia1ly as herein explained.

14. The process of manufacturing iron articles, which consists in first casting the ar- 5 ticle of iron designated as combined carbon In presence of iron, then annealing such article in a pack- E. S. KNIGHT, ing containing manganese in metallic state B. L. FREDERICK.

RICHARD KING. 

